Thursday, September 10, 2009

Accounting Ratios for Financial Statement Analysis

Liquidity Analysis Ratios


                                  Current Assets
Current Ratio = ------------------------
                             Current Liabilities

                            Quick Asset
Quick Ratio = ----------------------
                           Current Liabilities


Quick Assets = Current Assets - Inventories

                                                  Net Working Capital
Net Working Capital Ratio = --------------------------
                                                     Total Assets

Net Working Capital = Current Assets - Current Liabilities

Profitability Analysis Ratios


                                                        Net Income
Return on Assets (ROA) = ----------------------------------
                                                    Average Total Assets

Average Total Assets = (Beginning Total Assets + Ending Total Assets) / 2

                                                               Net Income
Return on Equity (ROE) = --------------------------------------------
                                                 Average Stockholders' Equity

Average Stockholders' Equity = (Beginning Stockholders' Equity + Ending Stockholders' Equity) / 2


                                                                              Net Income
Return on Common Equity (ROCE) = --------------------------------------------
                                                               Average Common Stockholders' Equity

Average Common Stockholders' Equity
                           = (Beginning Common Stockholders' Equity + Ending Common Stockholders' Equity) / 2
                          
                              Net Income
Profit Margin = -----------------
                                 Sales
                                                               Net Income
Earnings Per Share (EPS) = ---------------------------------------------
                                               Number of Common Shares Outstanding

Activity Analysis Ratios


                                                    Sales
Assets Turnover Ratio = ----------------------------
                                           Average Total Assets

Average Total Assets = (Beginning Total Assets + Ending Total Assets) / 2

                                                                            Sales
Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio = -----------------------------------
                                                                Average Accounts Receivable

Average Accounts Receivable  = (Beginning Accounts Receivable + Ending Accounts Receivable) / 2

                                                Cost of Goods Sold
Inventory Turnover Ratio = ---------------------------
                                                 Average Inventories

Average Inventories = (Beginning Inventories + Ending Inventories) / 2

Capital Structure Analysis Ratios


                                                  Total Liabilities
Debt to Equity Ratio = ----------------------------------
                                         Total Stockholders' Equity

                                             Income Before Interest and Income Tax Expenses
Interest Coverage Ratio = -------------------------------------------------------
                                                                  Interest Expense

Income Before Interest and Income Tax Expenses  = Income Before Income Taxes + Interest Expense



Capital Market Analysis Ratios


                                                Market Price of Common Stock Per Share
Price Earnings (PE) Ratio = ------------------------------------------------------
                                                              Earnings Per Share

                                                Market Price of Common Stock Per Share
Market to Book Ratio = -------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Book Value of Equity Per Common Share

Book Value of Equity Per Common Share
                                               = Book Value of Equity for Common Stock / Number of Common Shares

                                  Annual Dividends Per Common Share
Dividend Yield = ------------------------------------------------
                                Market Price of Common Stock Per Share
 
Book Value of Equity Per Common Share
                                                  = Book Value of Equity for Common Stock / Number of Common Shares
                                    
                                           Cash Dividends
Dividend Payout Ratio = --------------------
                                              Net Income

Dupont Analysis
ROA = Profit Margin X Assets Turnover Ratio

                         Net Income           Net Income                    Sales
ROA = ------------------------ = -------------- X ------------------------
                  Average Total Assets        Sales                Average Total Assets

Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales

Assets Turnover Ratio = Sales / Averages Total Assets

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